Passover, known in Hebrew as Pesach, is one of the most significant observances in Judaism, commemorating the Israelites’ liberation from slavery in ancient Egypt. The story is rooted in the biblical book of Exodus, which recounts how Moses led the Israelites out of bondage under Pharaoh’s rule more than 3,000 years ago.
According to tradition, God sent a series of plagues upon Egypt to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites. The final plague, the death of the firstborn, led to the ritual that gives Passover its name: Israelites marked their doorposts with lamb’s blood so the plague would “pass over” their homes. Pharaoh relented, and the Israelites fled in haste, not allowing time for their bread to rise. This is symbolized today by the eating of matzo, or unleavened bread.
Passover lasts seven or eight days, depending on tradition, and begins with a ceremonial meal called the Seder. During the Seder, families retell the Exodus story using a text called the Haggadah, eat symbolic foods such as bitter herbs and charoset, and observe rituals that emphasize themes of freedom and remembrance.
Historically, Passover has evolved from an ancient pilgrimage festival tied to the Temple in Jerusalem into a home-centered observance following the Temple’s destruction in 70 A.D. The holiday has remained a cornerstone of Jewish identity, reinforcing themes of resilience, faith and liberation across generations.
Today, Passover is celebrated by Jewish communities around the world, blending ancient ritual with modern interpretation while preserving its central message: the enduring pursuit of freedom.